Food is a vital part of human life, providing the energy and nutrients we need to grow and develop. It is a complex mixture of chemical, physical and biological factors that determine its quality, availability and safety.
The four major groups of foods are: vegetables, fruits, meat and fish. These provide carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins and other essential nutrients for good health.
Vegetables come in a wide variety of colors, flavors and textures; they are an important source of fiber. They are also an excellent source of vitamins and minerals, including calcium, iron, phosphorus, potassium and vitamin C.
Fruits are high in antioxidants, which protect against the damage of free radicals. They are also a good source of fiber, which helps you feel full and keeps you from overeating.
Legumes, which include beans and peas, are an excellent source of protein. They are also a good source of calcium, zinc, iron and vitamin K.
Milk and other dairy products are a rich source of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, calcium and vitamins A, B and D. They are a staple food for many people throughout the world, including in Asia, Africa and parts of the Middle East.
Grain foods are a good source of dietary fiber and some B vitamins, especially thiamin (vitamin B1). Examples include whole wheat, oats, rye, barley, bulgur and cornmeal.
Animal proteins are another good source of protein and a source of some minerals, such as iron, copper, zinc and selenium. Examples of meats and poultry are pork, beef, lamb and chicken.
Some people also eat fish and shellfish, which are also sources of omega-3 fatty acids, which help to protect against heart disease and some cancers. They are also a good source for choline, which is an important component of the brain.
Fats are also an important source of calories, energy and other nutrients. They are an essential nutrient for good health, but too much can increase your risk of heart disease and other diseases. They are found in some vegetable oils, nuts and seeds, as well as animal fats such as lard and butter.
Oils are a valuable source of fatty acids, and they are used to cook and soften foods. They are a good source of unsaturated fatty acids, which are needed for healthy cell growth. They are also a good source of saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids, which can increase your risk of heart disease and some types of cancer.
They are also a good source of vitamins A and D, as well as potassium and magnesium. These vitamins are important for maintaining normal blood pressure and a healthy nervous system.
These vitamins are also necessary for good vision and the health of bones, teeth, skin and eyes. They are especially important for pregnant women and children.
Food science is the study of the chemistry, biology and microbiology of food to improve its safety, nutritional value, wholesomeness and availability. It covers a range of topics, including food chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, food engineering and packaging.